Collections and StringsPython Strings: the Badge That Only Worked for One Name
The badge script printed the right name for the person who wrote it and the wrong name for everybody else. Slicing counts characters, and a name is words.
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Collections and StringsPython Tuples: Why All Three Points Are the Same Point
Three points walk into a loop and come out identical. The list was never copied three times; the name was. A tuple makes that bug impossible.
Collections and StringsPython Sets: the Duplicate That Keeps Coming Back
A de-duplication loop that works on clean data leaves four tags where there should be two. The bug is case, and the fix is a set.
Collections and StringsPython Dictionaries: the Key That Isn't There
A word counter dies the first time it meets a word twice. The fix is one line; what takes longer is knowing which of a dict's three lookups to reach for.
Artificial IntelligenceSo Your RAG Stops Hitting 504: Split the Query Path From Ingestion
One RAG service that both parses uploads and answers queries will fall over the moment someone uploads a 200-page PDF. The cure is two paths and one queue.
Artificial IntelligenceLinear or Graph: How to Run Many Agents Without an Eternal Loop
One agent with twenty tools gets messy fast. Once several agents revise each other, you need a graph that allows cycles and a number that makes it stop.