[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":306},["ShallowReactive",2],{"tag-labels":3,"site-header":4,"article-pascal-units-id":72},{},{"featuredPost":5,"navigations":29},{"id":6,"title":7,"title_id":8,"slug":9,"excerpt":10,"excerpt_id":11,"has_translation":12,"published_at":13,"reading_time":14,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":16,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":22,"series":23,"authors":28},110,"When You Pick a Framework Just to Look Different","Ketika Pilih Framework Cuma Biar Kelihatan Beda","ketika-pilih-framework-cuma-biar-kelihatan-beda","The last time you chose a new framework or library, was it because your problem needed that tool, or because it sounded cool and few people around you were using it? That question is uncomfortable. Technology decisions are often made for reasons that never appear in any technical document.","Terakhir kali kamu milih framework atau library baru, itu karena masalahmu butuh alat itu, atau karena alatnya kedengaran keren dan belum banyak yang pakai? Pertanyaan ini nggak enak dijawab. Soalnya keputusan teknologi sering diambil dengan alasan yang nggak pernah ditulis di dokumen teknis mana pun.",true,"2026-10-06T15:25:21.000Z",5,false,[17,18,19,20],"karier","framework","opini","pengalaman",null,"\u002Fog\u002Fketika-pilih-framework-cuma-biar-kelihatan-beda.png",{"id":24,"title":25,"title_id":26,"slug":27},9,"Articles","Artikel","all",[],[30,46,67],{"collection":31,"item":32},"series",{"__typename":31,"title":25,"title_id":26,"slug":27,"children_series":33},[34,38,42],{"title":35,"title_id":36,"slug":37},"Artificial Intelligence","Kecerdasan Artifisial","kecerdasan-artifisial",{"title":39,"title_id":40,"slug":41},"Programming Fundamentals","Konsep Dasar Pemrograman","konsep-dasar-pemrograman",{"title":43,"title_id":44,"slug":45},"Algorithms and Data Structures","Algoritma dan Struktur Data","algoritma-struktur-data",{"collection":31,"item":47},{"__typename":31,"title":48,"title_id":48,"slug":49,"children_series":50},"Tutorial","tutorial",[51,55,59,63],{"title":52,"title_id":53,"slug":54},"Learning Python","Belajar Python","belajar-python",{"title":56,"title_id":57,"slug":58},"Learning Go","Belajar Golang","belajar-golang",{"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},"Learning Java","Belajar Java","belajar-java",{"title":64,"title_id":65,"slug":66},"Learning Pascal","Belajar Pascal","belajar-pascal",{"collection":31,"item":68},{"__typename":31,"title":69,"title_id":69,"slug":70,"children_series":71},"Lab","lab",[],{"article":73,"renderedBody":179,"renderedTakeaway":180,"latestArticles":181,"toc":289},{"id":74,"title":75,"title_id":75,"slug":76,"excerpt":77,"excerpt_id":77,"has_translation":12,"published_at":78,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":80,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":83,"series":84,"authors":171,"seoTitle":21,"seoDescription":21,"body_locale":174,"available_locales":175,"body":177,"takeway":178,"prerequisite":21},146,"Unit Pascal: Satu Rata-rata, Dua Jawaban","pascal-units","Dua skor yang sama tercetak 7 di satu program dan 7.50 di program lain, karena tiap salinan fungsinya membagi dengan cara berbeda. Unit memberinya satu badan, dan interface memutuskan siapa yang boleh memanggilnya.","2026-11-10T01:00:00.000Z",7,[81,82],"pascal","sub-program","\u002Fog\u002Fpascal-units.png",{"id":85,"title":86,"title_id":87,"slug":88,"description":89,"description_id":90,"articles":91,"children_series":150,"parent_series":151},26,"Procedural Programming","Pemrograman Prosedural","pascal-pemrograman-prosedural","Break a big program into small procedures and functions you can call again and again.","Pecah program besar jadi prosedur dan fungsi kecil yang bisa dipakai berulang kali.",[92,114,128,143],{"id":93,"title":94,"title_id":95,"slug":96,"excerpt":97,"excerpt_id":98,"has_translation":12,"published_at":99,"reading_time":100,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":101,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":105,"series":106,"authors":107},77,"About Procedural Programming in Pascal","Tentang Pemrograman Prosedural pada Pascal","tentang-pemrograman-prosedural-pada-pascal","Procedural programming is one of the programming paradigms, where several statements are combined into one procedure.","Pemrograman peosedural merupakan salah satu paradigma pemrograman dimana beberapa perintah digabungkan menjadi satu dalam sebuah prosedur.","2021-04-13T12:44:49.000Z",3,[81,102,103,104],"pemrograman","prosedur","konsep","\u002Fog\u002Ftentang-pemrograman-prosedural-pada-pascal.png",{"id":85,"title":86,"title_id":87,"slug":88},[108],{"authors_id":109},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},1,"Daffa Izzuddin","izzudd","Writer",{"id":115,"title":116,"title_id":117,"slug":118,"excerpt":119,"excerpt_id":120,"has_translation":12,"published_at":121,"reading_time":100,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":122,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":123,"series":124,"authors":125},78,"Using and Writing a PROCEDURE in Pascal","Penggunaan dan Penulisan PROCEDURE pada Pascal","penggunaan-dan-penulisan-procedure-pada-pascal","The main parts of a PROCEDURE are its name and its body, with parameters and local declarations as the optional parts.","Bagian utama dari sebuah PROCEDURE adalah nama dan tubuh PROCEDURE. Ada juga bagian opsional yaitu parameter dan deklarasi lokal.","2021-04-15T12:54:14.000Z",[81,103,82],"\u002Fog\u002Fpenggunaan-dan-penulisan-procedure-pada-pascal.png",{"id":85,"title":86,"title_id":87,"slug":88},[126],{"authors_id":127},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},{"id":129,"title":130,"title_id":131,"slug":132,"excerpt":133,"excerpt_id":134,"has_translation":12,"published_at":135,"reading_time":100,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":136,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":138,"series":139,"authors":140},79,"Using and Writing a FUNCTION in Pascal","Penggunaan dan Penulisan FUNCTION pada Pascal","penggunaan-dan-penulisan-function-pada-pascal","A sub program that does not return a value is called a PROCEDURE, while one that returns a value is called a FUNCTION.","Sub program yang tidak mengembalikan nilai dinamakan PROCEDURE, sedangkan yang mengembalikan nilai dinamakan FUNCTION.","2021-04-21T13:01:16.000Z",[81,137,82],"fungsi","\u002Fog\u002Fpenggunaan-dan-penulisan-function-pada-pascal.png",{"id":85,"title":86,"title_id":87,"slug":88},[141],{"authors_id":142},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},{"id":74,"title":144,"title_id":75,"slug":76,"excerpt":145,"excerpt_id":77,"has_translation":12,"published_at":78,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":80,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":83,"series":146,"authors":147},"Pascal Units: One Average, Two Answers","The same two scores print 7 in one program and 7.50 in another, because each copy of the function divides differently. A unit gives it one body, and the interface decides who may call it.",{"id":85,"title":86,"title_id":87,"slug":88},[148],{"authors_id":149},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},[],{"id":152,"title":64,"title_id":65,"slug":66,"parent_series":153,"children_series":154},14,{"id":110,"title":48,"title_id":48,"slug":49},[155,160,165,170],{"id":156,"title":157,"title_id":158,"slug":159,"cover_image":21},23,"Getting Started with Pascal","Berkenalan dengan Bahasa Pascal","pascal-intro",{"id":161,"title":162,"title_id":163,"slug":164,"cover_image":21},24,"Control Structures","Struktur Kontrol","pascal-struktur-kontrol",{"id":166,"title":167,"title_id":168,"slug":169,"cover_image":21},25,"Composite Types","Tipe Data Bentukan","pascal-tipe-data-bentukan",{"id":85,"title":86,"title_id":87,"slug":88,"cover_image":21},[172],{"authors_id":173},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},"id",[176,174],"en","\nDua program Pascal membaca dua skor yang sama, 7 dan 8, lalu menghitung rata-ratanya. Satu mencetak `mean: 7`. Yang lain mencetak `mean: 7.50`. Keduanya dikompilasi tanpa satu keluhan pun, keduanya berjalan tanpa crash, dan tidak ada yang berbohong tentang apa yang kamu tulis. Tiap program membawa salinan sendiri dari fungsi rata-rata itu, dan salinannya tidak sama. Memperbaiki satu salinan membiarkan yang lain rusak, dan tidak ada yang memberitahu kamu bahwa keduanya sudah bercabang. Unit memperbaiki ini dengan memberi fungsi itu tepat satu badan.\n\n## Sisa pembagian yang menghilang\n\nMulai dari aritmetikanya, karena bug-nya tinggal di sana. Pascal punya dua operator pembagian, dan keduanya menjawab pertanyaan yang berbeda.\n\n```pascal\nprogram divide;\n\nvar\n  a, b: integer;\n\nbegin\n  a := 7;\n  b := 8;\n  writeln('(a + b) div 2 = ', (a + b) div 2);\n  writeln('(a + b) \u002F 2   = ', (a + b) \u002F 2:0:1);\n  writeln('unformatted   = ', (a + b) \u002F 2);\nend.\n```\n\n```plain\n$ fpc divide.pas && .\u002Fdivide\n(a + b) div 2 = 7\n(a + b) \u002F 2   = 7.5\nunformatted   =  7.5000000000000000E+000\n```\n\n`div` adalah pembagian bulat, jadi ia membuang sisanya dan `(7 + 8) div 2` bernilai 7. `\u002F` selalu menghasilkan bilangan real, jadi jumlah yang sama memberi 7.5. Baris terakhir menunjukkan bagaimana Pascal mencetak sebuah real mentah: notasi ilmiah, dengan satu spasi di depan. Ingat-ingat itu, karena kamu akan memakainya nanti.\n\nBerikut program yang mencetak jawaban pendek tadi. `Mean` menerima integer dan memakai `div`, jadi 7.5 tidak pernah ada.\n\n```pascal\nprogram average;\n\nvar\n  a, b: integer;\n\nfunction Mean(x, y: integer): integer;\nbegin\n  Mean := (x + y) div 2;\nend;\n\nbegin\n  a := 7;\n  b := 8;\n  writeln('scores: ', a, ' and ', b);\n  writeln('mean: ', Mean(a, b));\nend.\n```\n\n```plain\n$ fpc average.pas && .\u002Faverage\nscores: 7 and 8\nmean: 7\n```\n\nIni salinan pertama. Program mana pun yang menempel fungsi ini mewarisi pemotongan itu, dan program mana pun yang menempel versi `\u002F` mendapat jawaban yang lain.\n\n## Unit punya dua bagian\n\nUnit adalah berkas yang dibelah dua kata kunci. Semua yang ada di bawah `interface` adalah kontrak: nama, parameter, dan tipe kembalian yang boleh dipanggil program lain. Semua yang ada di bawah `implementation` adalah badan, kode yang melakukan pekerjaan, hanya terlihat di dalam unit. Berikut isi `stats.pas`, yang mengambil alih fungsinya.\n\n```pascal\nunit stats;\n\ninterface\n\nfunction Mean(x, y: real): real;\nfunction Format2(n: real): string;\n\nimplementation\n\nfunction Mean(x, y: real): real;\nbegin\n  Mean := (x + y) \u002F 2;\nend;\n\nfunction Format2(n: real): string;\nbegin\n  Str(n:0:2, Format2);\nend;\n\nend.\n```\n\n`Mean` sekarang menerima dan mengembalikan `real` serta memakai `\u002F`. Tiap signature muncul dua kali, satu per bagian: baris interface menjanjikan, baris implementation memenuhinya. `Format2` membungkus `Str(n:0:2, ...)`, yang menulis sebuah real dengan dua desimal ke dalam string, jadi pemanggilnya mendapat `7.50` dan bukan notasi ilmiah. Sebuah program memakainya dengan menambahkan satu baris, `uses stats;`, tepat setelah baris `program`.\n\n## Kompilator membangunnya untukmu\n\n```pascal\nprogram average;\n\nuses stats;\n\nvar\n  a, b: integer;\n\nbegin\n  a := 7;\n  b := 8;\n  writeln('scores: ', a, ' and ', b);\n  writeln('mean: ', Format2(Mean(a, b)));\nend.\n```\n\n```plain\n$ fpc average.pas && .\u002Faverage\nscores: 7 and 8\nmean: 7.50\n```\n\nTidak ada perintah terpisah untuk unit itu. Saat kompilator mencapai `uses stats;`, ia mencari `stats.pas` di sebelah program dan mengompilasinya sekalian. Sesudahnya, `stats.o` dan `stats.ppu` tersisa di samping program. Berkas `.ppu` adalah bentuk terkompilasi unit yang dihasilkan Free Pascal.\n\nTanpa flag, kompilator hanya menemukan unit itu kalau berkasnya berada di sebelah program. Pindahkan `stats.pas` ke folder bernama `lib`, dan proses build berhenti:\n\n```plain\n$ fpc main.pas\nmain.pas(3,6) Fatal: Can't find unit stats used by main\nFatal: Compilation aborted\n```\n\nMenambahkan flag dengan spasi tidak mengubah apa pun: `fpc -Fu lib main.pas` mencetak dua baris yang sama. Flag-nya harus menempel pada path-nya, jadi `fpc -Fulib main.pas` berhasil dikompilasi, dan program mencetak `scores: 7 and 8` serta `mean: 7.50`.\n\nNamanya juga penting. Kompilator mengubah `uses stats;` menjadi sebuah nama berkas. Simpan `unit stats;` sebagai `stat2.pas`, dan program yang memakainya tidak bisa menemukannya:\n\n```plain\n$ fpc prog2.pas\nprog2.pas(3,6) Fatal: Can't find unit stats used by prog2\nFatal: Compilation aborted\n```\n\nJadi `unit stats;` harus tinggal di `stats.pas`. Perbaikannya ada di nama berkas, bukan di kodenya.\n\n## Apa yang dijaga interface\n\nDua bagian itu bukan hiasan. Misalkan sebuah unit `hidden.pas` tidak mendeklarasikan apa pun di `interface` dan mengimplementasikan `Mean` di bawah `implementation`. Unitnya berhasil dikompilasi. Program `uses_hidden.pas` yang menulis `uses hidden;` dan memanggil `Mean` tidak:\n\n```plain\n$ fpc uses_hidden.pas\nuses_hidden.pas(6,21) Error: Identifier not found \"Mean\"\nuses_hidden.pas(8) Fatal: There were 1 errors compiling module, stopping\nFatal: Compilation aborted\n```\n\n`Mean` ada di dalam berkas itu, dan pemanggilnya tetap tidak bisa melihatnya, karena `implementation` bersifat privat bagi unit. Untuk membagikan sebuah fungsi, taruh header-nya di `interface`. Untuk menyimpan sebuah helper tetap privat, biarkan di luar.\n\n## Dua berkas, satu perintah\n\nMemeriksa keluaran dengan mata lama-lama melelahkan, jadi serahkan pekerjaan itu ke program kedua. `check_average.pas` membaca baris dari standard input dan membandingkan dua baris pertama dengan teks yang kamu harapkan.\n\n```pascal\nprogram check_average;\n\nvar\n  expected: array[1..2] of string;\n  line: string;\n  i, passed, failed: integer;\n\nbegin\n  expected[1] := 'scores: 7 and 8';\n  expected[2] := 'mean: 7.50';\n\n  passed := 0;\n  failed := 0;\n  i := 0;\n\n  while not eof do\n  begin\n    readln(line);\n    i := i + 1;\n    if i \u003C= 2 then\n    begin\n      if line = expected[i] then\n      begin\n        writeln('PASS  line ', i, ': ', expected[i]);\n        passed := passed + 1;\n      end\n      else\n      begin\n        writeln('FAIL  line ', i, ': expected \"', expected[i], '\", got \"', line, '\"');\n        failed := failed + 1;\n      end;\n    end;\n  end;\n\n  if i \u003C 2 then\n  begin\n    writeln('FAIL  the program printed ', i, ' lines, expected 2');\n    failed := failed + 1;\n  end;\n\n  writeln;\n  writeln(passed, ' of 2 checks passed');\n\n  if failed > 0 then\n    ExitCode := 1;\nend.\n```\n\nBuild sekali dengan `fpc check_average.pas`. Setelah itu seluruh pemeriksaan jadi satu perintah, `.\u002Faverage | .\u002Fcheck_average`, di mana pipa mengirim apa yang dicetak `average` ke pemeriksa. Build `average.pas` versi awal dari bagian pertama dan jalankan:\n\n```plain\n$ .\u002Faverage | .\u002Fcheck_average\nPASS  line 1: scores: 7 and 8\nFAIL  line 2: expected \"mean: 7.50\", got \"mean: 7\"\n\n1 of 2 checks passed\n```\n\nPemeriksa menyebut nomor barisnya dan menunjukkan kedua string. Sekarang ganti `average.pas` ke versi yang memakai `stats`, build ulang, dan jalankan perintah yang sama:\n\n```plain\n$ .\u002Faverage | .\u002Fcheck_average\nPASS  line 1: scores: 7 and 8\nPASS  line 2: mean: 7.50\n\n2 of 2 checks passed\n```\n\nPemeriksa yang sama, perintah yang sama, jawaban baru.\n\n**Latihan.** Di versi unit dari `average.pas`, ubah `writeln` terakhir menjadi `writeln('mean: ', Mean(a, b));` dan buang `Format2`. Perkirakan dulu apa yang akan kamu lihat, lalu jalankan pemeriksanya. Baris itu menjadi `mean:  7.5000000000000000E+000`, dengan dua spasi setelah titik dua, dan gagal di baris 2. Itulah alasan `Format2` ada.\n\nKetika dua program butuh perhitungan yang sama, tulis sekali di sebuah unit dan biarkan keduanya `uses` unit itu, karena salinan yang ditempel adalah bug yang menunggu suntingan pertama.\n","- `div` membuang sisanya, jadi `(7 + 8) div 2` bernilai 7 sementara `(7 + 8) \u002F 2` bernilai 7.5.\n- Unit punya dua bagian: `interface` adalah yang boleh dipanggil program lain, `implementation` adalah badan yang hanya dilihat unit itu sendiri.\n- Fungsi yang hanya hidup di `implementation` lolos dikompilasi di dalam unit dan gagal di pemanggilnya dengan `Error: Identifier not found`.\n- Free Pascal mengompilasi unit yang ditemukannya di sebelah program dan meninggalkan berkas `.ppu`; dari subfolder flag-nya `-Fulib`, menempel, karena `-Fu lib` dengan spasi tidak menemukannya.\n- Nama unit dicari sebagai nama berkas, jadi `unit stats;` harus tinggal di `stats.pas`.","\u003Cp>Dua program Pascal membaca dua skor yang sama, 7 dan 8, lalu menghitung rata-ratanya. Satu mencetak \u003Ccode>mean: 7\u003C\u002Fcode>. Yang lain mencetak \u003Ccode>mean: 7.50\u003C\u002Fcode>. Keduanya dikompilasi tanpa satu keluhan pun, keduanya berjalan tanpa crash, dan tidak ada yang berbohong tentang apa yang kamu tulis. Tiap program membawa salinan sendiri dari fungsi rata-rata itu, dan salinannya tidak sama. Memperbaiki satu salinan membiarkan yang lain rusak, dan tidak ada yang memberitahu kamu bahwa keduanya sudah bercabang. Unit memperbaiki ini dengan memberi fungsi itu tepat satu badan.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"sisa-pembagian-yang-menghilang\">Sisa pembagian yang menghilang\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Mulai dari aritmetikanya, karena bug-nya tinggal di sana. Pascal punya dua operator pembagian, dan keduanya menjawab pertanyaan yang berbeda.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">PASCAL\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"program%20divide%3B%0A%0Avar%0A%20%20a%2C%20b%3A%20integer%3B%0A%0Abegin%0A%20%20a%20%3A%3D%207%3B%0A%20%20b%20%3A%3D%208%3B%0A%20%20writeln('(a%20%2B%20b)%20div%202%20%3D%20'%2C%20(a%20%2B%20b)%20div%202)%3B%0A%20%20writeln('(a%20%2B%20b)%20%2F%202%20%20%20%3D%20'%2C%20(a%20%2B%20b)%20%2F%202%3A0%3A1)%3B%0A%20%20writeln('unformatted%20%20%20%3D%20'%2C%20(a%20%2B%20b)%20%2F%202)%3B%0Aend.\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>program divide;\n\nvar\n  a, b: integer;\n\nbegin\n  a := 7;\n  b := 8;\n  writeln('(a + b) div 2 = ', (a + b) div 2);\n  writeln('(a + b) \u002F 2   = ', (a + b) \u002F 2:0:1);\n  writeln('unformatted   = ', (a + b) \u002F 2);\nend.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20fpc%20divide.pas%20%26%26%20.%2Fdivide%0A(a%20%2B%20b)%20div%202%20%3D%207%0A(a%20%2B%20b)%20%2F%202%20%20%20%3D%207.5%0Aunformatted%20%20%20%3D%20%207.5000000000000000E%2B000\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ fpc divide.pas && .\u002Fdivide\u003C\u002Fspan>\n(a + b) div 2 = 7\n(a + b) \u002F 2   = 7.5\nunformatted   =  7.5000000000000000E+000\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>div\u003C\u002Fcode> adalah pembagian bulat, jadi ia membuang sisanya dan \u003Ccode>(7 + 8) div 2\u003C\u002Fcode> bernilai 7. \u003Ccode>\u002F\u003C\u002Fcode> selalu menghasilkan bilangan real, jadi jumlah yang sama memberi 7.5. Baris terakhir menunjukkan bagaimana Pascal mencetak sebuah real mentah: notasi ilmiah, dengan satu spasi di depan. Ingat-ingat itu, karena kamu akan memakainya nanti.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Berikut program yang mencetak jawaban pendek tadi. \u003Ccode>Mean\u003C\u002Fcode> menerima integer dan memakai \u003Ccode>div\u003C\u002Fcode>, jadi 7.5 tidak pernah ada.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">PASCAL\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"program%20average%3B%0A%0Avar%0A%20%20a%2C%20b%3A%20integer%3B%0A%0Afunction%20Mean(x%2C%20y%3A%20integer)%3A%20integer%3B%0Abegin%0A%20%20Mean%20%3A%3D%20(x%20%2B%20y)%20div%202%3B%0Aend%3B%0A%0Abegin%0A%20%20a%20%3A%3D%207%3B%0A%20%20b%20%3A%3D%208%3B%0A%20%20writeln('scores%3A%20'%2C%20a%2C%20'%20and%20'%2C%20b)%3B%0A%20%20writeln('mean%3A%20'%2C%20Mean(a%2C%20b))%3B%0Aend.\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>program average;\n\nvar\n  a, b: integer;\n\nfunction Mean(x, y: integer): integer;\nbegin\n  Mean := (x + y) div 2;\nend;\n\nbegin\n  a := 7;\n  b := 8;\n  writeln('scores: ', a, ' and ', b);\n  writeln('mean: ', Mean(a, b));\nend.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20fpc%20average.pas%20%26%26%20.%2Faverage%0Ascores%3A%207%20and%208%0Amean%3A%207\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ fpc average.pas && .\u002Faverage\u003C\u002Fspan>\nscores: 7 and 8\nmean: 7\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Ini salinan pertama. Program mana pun yang menempel fungsi ini mewarisi pemotongan itu, dan program mana pun yang menempel versi \u003Ccode>\u002F\u003C\u002Fcode> mendapat jawaban yang lain.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"unit-punya-dua-bagian\">Unit punya dua bagian\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Unit adalah berkas yang dibelah dua kata kunci. Semua yang ada di bawah \u003Ccode>interface\u003C\u002Fcode> adalah kontrak: nama, parameter, dan tipe kembalian yang boleh dipanggil program lain. Semua yang ada di bawah \u003Ccode>implementation\u003C\u002Fcode> adalah badan, kode yang melakukan pekerjaan, hanya terlihat di dalam unit. Berikut isi \u003Ccode>stats.pas\u003C\u002Fcode>, yang mengambil alih fungsinya.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">PASCAL\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"unit%20stats%3B%0A%0Ainterface%0A%0Afunction%20Mean(x%2C%20y%3A%20real)%3A%20real%3B%0Afunction%20Format2(n%3A%20real)%3A%20string%3B%0A%0Aimplementation%0A%0Afunction%20Mean(x%2C%20y%3A%20real)%3A%20real%3B%0Abegin%0A%20%20Mean%20%3A%3D%20(x%20%2B%20y)%20%2F%202%3B%0Aend%3B%0A%0Afunction%20Format2(n%3A%20real)%3A%20string%3B%0Abegin%0A%20%20Str(n%3A0%3A2%2C%20Format2)%3B%0Aend%3B%0A%0Aend.\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>unit stats;\n\ninterface\n\nfunction Mean(x, y: real): real;\nfunction Format2(n: real): string;\n\nimplementation\n\nfunction Mean(x, y: real): real;\nbegin\n  Mean := (x + y) \u002F 2;\nend;\n\nfunction Format2(n: real): string;\nbegin\n  Str(n:0:2, Format2);\nend;\n\nend.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>Mean\u003C\u002Fcode> sekarang menerima dan mengembalikan \u003Ccode>real\u003C\u002Fcode> serta memakai \u003Ccode>\u002F\u003C\u002Fcode>. Tiap signature muncul dua kali, satu per bagian: baris interface menjanjikan, baris implementation memenuhinya. \u003Ccode>Format2\u003C\u002Fcode> membungkus \u003Ccode>Str(n:0:2, ...)\u003C\u002Fcode>, yang menulis sebuah real dengan dua desimal ke dalam string, jadi pemanggilnya mendapat \u003Ccode>7.50\u003C\u002Fcode> dan bukan notasi ilmiah. Sebuah program memakainya dengan menambahkan satu baris, \u003Ccode>uses stats;\u003C\u002Fcode>, tepat setelah baris \u003Ccode>program\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"kompilator-membangunnya-untukmu\">Kompilator membangunnya untukmu\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">PASCAL\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"program%20average%3B%0A%0Auses%20stats%3B%0A%0Avar%0A%20%20a%2C%20b%3A%20integer%3B%0A%0Abegin%0A%20%20a%20%3A%3D%207%3B%0A%20%20b%20%3A%3D%208%3B%0A%20%20writeln('scores%3A%20'%2C%20a%2C%20'%20and%20'%2C%20b)%3B%0A%20%20writeln('mean%3A%20'%2C%20Format2(Mean(a%2C%20b)))%3B%0Aend.\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>program average;\n\nuses stats;\n\nvar\n  a, b: integer;\n\nbegin\n  a := 7;\n  b := 8;\n  writeln('scores: ', a, ' and ', b);\n  writeln('mean: ', Format2(Mean(a, b)));\nend.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20fpc%20average.pas%20%26%26%20.%2Faverage%0Ascores%3A%207%20and%208%0Amean%3A%207.50\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ fpc average.pas && .\u002Faverage\u003C\u002Fspan>\nscores: 7 and 8\nmean: 7.50\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Tidak ada perintah terpisah untuk unit itu. Saat kompilator mencapai \u003Ccode>uses stats;\u003C\u002Fcode>, ia mencari \u003Ccode>stats.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> di sebelah program dan mengompilasinya sekalian. Sesudahnya, \u003Ccode>stats.o\u003C\u002Fcode> dan \u003Ccode>stats.ppu\u003C\u002Fcode> tersisa di samping program. Berkas \u003Ccode>.ppu\u003C\u002Fcode> adalah bentuk terkompilasi unit yang dihasilkan Free Pascal.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Tanpa flag, kompilator hanya menemukan unit itu kalau berkasnya berada di sebelah program. Pindahkan \u003Ccode>stats.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> ke folder bernama \u003Ccode>lib\u003C\u002Fcode>, dan proses build berhenti:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20fpc%20main.pas%0Amain.pas(3%2C6)%20Fatal%3A%20Can't%20find%20unit%20stats%20used%20by%20main%0AFatal%3A%20Compilation%20aborted\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ fpc main.pas\u003C\u002Fspan>\nmain.pas(3,6) Fatal: Can't find unit stats used by main\nFatal: Compilation aborted\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Menambahkan flag dengan spasi tidak mengubah apa pun: \u003Ccode>fpc -Fu lib main.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> mencetak dua baris yang sama. Flag-nya harus menempel pada path-nya, jadi \u003Ccode>fpc -Fulib main.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> berhasil dikompilasi, dan program mencetak \u003Ccode>scores: 7 and 8\u003C\u002Fcode> serta \u003Ccode>mean: 7.50\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Namanya juga penting. Kompilator mengubah \u003Ccode>uses stats;\u003C\u002Fcode> menjadi sebuah nama berkas. Simpan \u003Ccode>unit stats;\u003C\u002Fcode> sebagai \u003Ccode>stat2.pas\u003C\u002Fcode>, dan program yang memakainya tidak bisa menemukannya:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20fpc%20prog2.pas%0Aprog2.pas(3%2C6)%20Fatal%3A%20Can't%20find%20unit%20stats%20used%20by%20prog2%0AFatal%3A%20Compilation%20aborted\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ fpc prog2.pas\u003C\u002Fspan>\nprog2.pas(3,6) Fatal: Can't find unit stats used by prog2\nFatal: Compilation aborted\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Jadi \u003Ccode>unit stats;\u003C\u002Fcode> harus tinggal di \u003Ccode>stats.pas\u003C\u002Fcode>. Perbaikannya ada di nama berkas, bukan di kodenya.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"apa-yang-dijaga-interface\">Apa yang dijaga interface\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Dua bagian itu bukan hiasan. Misalkan sebuah unit \u003Ccode>hidden.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> tidak mendeklarasikan apa pun di \u003Ccode>interface\u003C\u002Fcode> dan mengimplementasikan \u003Ccode>Mean\u003C\u002Fcode> di bawah \u003Ccode>implementation\u003C\u002Fcode>. Unitnya berhasil dikompilasi. Program \u003Ccode>uses_hidden.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> yang menulis \u003Ccode>uses hidden;\u003C\u002Fcode> dan memanggil \u003Ccode>Mean\u003C\u002Fcode> tidak:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20fpc%20uses_hidden.pas%0Auses_hidden.pas(6%2C21)%20Error%3A%20Identifier%20not%20found%20%22Mean%22%0Auses_hidden.pas(8)%20Fatal%3A%20There%20were%201%20errors%20compiling%20module%2C%20stopping%0AFatal%3A%20Compilation%20aborted\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ fpc uses_hidden.pas\u003C\u002Fspan>\nuses_hidden.pas(6,21) Error: Identifier not found \"Mean\"\nuses_hidden.pas(8) Fatal: There were 1 errors compiling module, stopping\nFatal: Compilation aborted\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>Mean\u003C\u002Fcode> ada di dalam berkas itu, dan pemanggilnya tetap tidak bisa melihatnya, karena \u003Ccode>implementation\u003C\u002Fcode> bersifat privat bagi unit. Untuk membagikan sebuah fungsi, taruh header-nya di \u003Ccode>interface\u003C\u002Fcode>. Untuk menyimpan sebuah helper tetap privat, biarkan di luar.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"dua-berkas-satu-perintah\">Dua berkas, satu perintah\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Memeriksa keluaran dengan mata lama-lama melelahkan, jadi serahkan pekerjaan itu ke program kedua. \u003Ccode>check_average.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> membaca baris dari standard input dan membandingkan dua baris pertama dengan teks yang kamu harapkan.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">PASCAL\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"program%20check_average%3B%0A%0Avar%0A%20%20expected%3A%20array%5B1..2%5D%20of%20string%3B%0A%20%20line%3A%20string%3B%0A%20%20i%2C%20passed%2C%20failed%3A%20integer%3B%0A%0Abegin%0A%20%20expected%5B1%5D%20%3A%3D%20'scores%3A%207%20and%208'%3B%0A%20%20expected%5B2%5D%20%3A%3D%20'mean%3A%207.50'%3B%0A%0A%20%20passed%20%3A%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20failed%20%3A%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20i%20%3A%3D%200%3B%0A%0A%20%20while%20not%20eof%20do%0A%20%20begin%0A%20%20%20%20readln(line)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20i%20%3A%3D%20i%20%2B%201%3B%0A%20%20%20%20if%20i%20%3C%3D%202%20then%0A%20%20%20%20begin%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20line%20%3D%20expected%5Bi%5D%20then%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20begin%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20writeln('PASS%20%20line%20'%2C%20i%2C%20'%3A%20'%2C%20expected%5Bi%5D)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20passed%20%3A%3D%20passed%20%2B%201%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20end%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20else%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20begin%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20writeln('FAIL%20%20line%20'%2C%20i%2C%20'%3A%20expected%20%22'%2C%20expected%5Bi%5D%2C%20'%22%2C%20got%20%22'%2C%20line%2C%20'%22')%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20failed%20%3A%3D%20failed%20%2B%201%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20end%3B%0A%20%20%20%20end%3B%0A%20%20end%3B%0A%0A%20%20if%20i%20%3C%202%20then%0A%20%20begin%0A%20%20%20%20writeln('FAIL%20%20the%20program%20printed%20'%2C%20i%2C%20'%20lines%2C%20expected%202')%3B%0A%20%20%20%20failed%20%3A%3D%20failed%20%2B%201%3B%0A%20%20end%3B%0A%0A%20%20writeln%3B%0A%20%20writeln(passed%2C%20'%20of%202%20checks%20passed')%3B%0A%0A%20%20if%20failed%20%3E%200%20then%0A%20%20%20%20ExitCode%20%3A%3D%201%3B%0Aend.\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>program check_average;\n\nvar\n  expected: array[1..2] of string;\n  line: string;\n  i, passed, failed: integer;\n\nbegin\n  expected[1] := 'scores: 7 and 8';\n  expected[2] := 'mean: 7.50';\n\n  passed := 0;\n  failed := 0;\n  i := 0;\n\n  while not eof do\n  begin\n    readln(line);\n    i := i + 1;\n    if i <= 2 then\n    begin\n      if line = expected[i] then\n      begin\n        writeln('PASS  line ', i, ': ', expected[i]);\n        passed := passed + 1;\n      end\n      else\n      begin\n        writeln('FAIL  line ', i, ': expected \"', expected[i], '\", got \"', line, '\"');\n        failed := failed + 1;\n      end;\n    end;\n  end;\n\n  if i < 2 then\n  begin\n    writeln('FAIL  the program printed ', i, ' lines, expected 2');\n    failed := failed + 1;\n  end;\n\n  writeln;\n  writeln(passed, ' of 2 checks passed');\n\n  if failed > 0 then\n    ExitCode := 1;\nend.\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Build sekali dengan \u003Ccode>fpc check_average.pas\u003C\u002Fcode>. Setelah itu seluruh pemeriksaan jadi satu perintah, \u003Ccode>.\u002Faverage | .\u002Fcheck_average\u003C\u002Fcode>, di mana pipa mengirim apa yang dicetak \u003Ccode>average\u003C\u002Fcode> ke pemeriksa. Build \u003Ccode>average.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> versi awal dari bagian pertama dan jalankan:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20.%2Faverage%20%7C%20.%2Fcheck_average%0APASS%20%20line%201%3A%20scores%3A%207%20and%208%0AFAIL%20%20line%202%3A%20expected%20%22mean%3A%207.50%22%2C%20got%20%22mean%3A%207%22%0A%0A1%20of%202%20checks%20passed\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ .\u002Faverage | .\u002Fcheck_average\u003C\u002Fspan>\nPASS  line 1: scores: 7 and 8\nFAIL  line 2: expected \"mean: 7.50\", got \"mean: 7\"\n\n1 of 2 checks passed\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Pemeriksa menyebut nomor barisnya dan menunjukkan kedua string. Sekarang ganti \u003Ccode>average.pas\u003C\u002Fcode> ke versi yang memakai \u003Ccode>stats\u003C\u002Fcode>, build ulang, dan jalankan perintah yang sama:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20.%2Faverage%20%7C%20.%2Fcheck_average%0APASS%20%20line%201%3A%20scores%3A%207%20and%208%0APASS%20%20line%202%3A%20mean%3A%207.50%0A%0A2%20of%202%20checks%20passed\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ .\u002Faverage | .\u002Fcheck_average\u003C\u002Fspan>\nPASS  line 1: scores: 7 and 8\nPASS  line 2: mean: 7.50\n\n2 of 2 checks passed\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Pemeriksa yang sama, perintah yang sama, jawaban baru.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Latihan.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Di versi unit dari \u003Ccode>average.pas\u003C\u002Fcode>, ubah \u003Ccode>writeln\u003C\u002Fcode> terakhir menjadi \u003Ccode>writeln('mean: ', Mean(a, b));\u003C\u002Fcode> dan buang \u003Ccode>Format2\u003C\u002Fcode>. Perkirakan dulu apa yang akan kamu lihat, lalu jalankan pemeriksanya. Baris itu menjadi \u003Ccode>mean:  7.5000000000000000E+000\u003C\u002Fcode>, dengan dua spasi setelah titik dua, dan gagal di baris 2. Itulah alasan \u003Ccode>Format2\u003C\u002Fcode> ada.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Ketika dua program butuh perhitungan yang sama, tulis sekali di sebuah unit dan biarkan keduanya \u003Ccode>uses\u003C\u002Fcode> unit itu, karena salinan yang ditempel adalah bug yang menunggu suntingan pertama.\u003C\u002Fp>\n","\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>div\u003C\u002Fcode> membuang sisanya, jadi \u003Ccode>(7 + 8) div 2\u003C\u002Fcode> bernilai 7 sementara \u003Ccode>(7 + 8) \u002F 2\u003C\u002Fcode> bernilai 7.5.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Unit punya dua bagian: \u003Ccode>interface\u003C\u002Fcode> adalah yang boleh dipanggil program lain, \u003Ccode>implementation\u003C\u002Fcode> adalah badan yang hanya dilihat unit itu sendiri.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fungsi yang hanya hidup di \u003Ccode>implementation\u003C\u002Fcode> lolos dikompilasi di dalam unit dan gagal di pemanggilnya dengan \u003Ccode>Error: Identifier not found\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Free Pascal mengompilasi unit yang ditemukannya di sebelah program dan meninggalkan berkas \u003Ccode>.ppu\u003C\u002Fcode>; dari subfolder flag-nya \u003Ccode>-Fulib\u003C\u002Fcode>, menempel, karena \u003Ccode>-Fu lib\u003C\u002Fcode> dengan spasi tidak menemukannya.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Nama unit dicari sebagai nama berkas, jadi \u003Ccode>unit stats;\u003C\u002Fcode> harus tinggal di \u003Ccode>stats.pas\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n",[182,204,224,242,257,274],{"id":183,"title":184,"title_id":185,"slug":186,"excerpt":187,"excerpt_id":188,"has_translation":12,"published_at":189,"reading_time":190,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":191,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":195,"series":196,"authors":201},48,"What a Linked List Actually Is","Tentang Struktur Data LinkedList","tentang-struktur-data-linked-list","A linked list is a linear chain of nodes, each holding data and a pointer to the next node. Here is what that chain looks like, what it costs next to an array, and the same minimal implementation in Java, Python, and JavaScript.","Linked list adalah rantai linear berisi node, dan setiap node menyimpan data plus pointer ke node berikutnya. Ini bentuk rantainya, ongkosnya dibanding array, dan implementasi paling sederhana dalam Java, Python, serta JavaScript.","2026-11-21T01:00:00.000Z",4,[192,193,194,104],"struktur-data","linked-list","pointer","\u002Fog\u002Ftentang-struktur-data-linked-list.png",{"id":197,"title":198,"title_id":199,"slug":200},28,"Linear Data Structures","Struktur Data Linear","asd-struktur-linear",[202],{"authors_id":203},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},{"id":205,"title":206,"title_id":207,"slug":208,"excerpt":209,"excerpt_id":210,"has_translation":12,"published_at":211,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":212,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":215,"series":216,"authors":221},47,"Why Understanding Algorithms and Data Structures Actually Matters","Pentingnya Memahami Algoritma dan Struktur Data","pentingnya-memahami-algoritma-dan-struktur-data","An algorithm is an ordered list of steps, and that order decides how expensive a problem is. The examples are on the back of an instant noodle packet, in a factorial, and behind ctrl+z.","Sebagai konsep fundamental, algoritma menentukan seberapa mahal sebuah masalah diselesaikan. Contohnya ada di bungkus mie instan, di bilangan faktorial, dan di tombol undo.","2026-11-19T01:00:00.000Z",[213,192,104,214],"algoritma","dasar","\u002Fog\u002Fpentingnya-memahami-algoritma-dan-struktur-data.png",{"id":217,"title":218,"title_id":219,"slug":220},27,"About Algorithms and Data Structures","Tentang Algoritma dan Struktur Data","asd-intro",[222],{"authors_id":223},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},{"id":225,"title":226,"title_id":227,"slug":228,"excerpt":229,"excerpt_id":230,"has_translation":12,"published_at":231,"reading_time":232,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":233,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":236,"series":237,"authors":239},150,"Java Loops: the Last Price That Never Reached the Sum","Loop Java: Harga Terakhir yang Tidak Pernah Masuk ke Total","java-loops","Four prices add up to 47000, and the cart program prints 36500. The bound is `prices.length - 1`, so the last item is never read while the average is still divided by four.","Empat harga berjumlah 47000, tapi program keranjang mencetak 36500. Batasnya `prices.length - 1`, jadi item terakhir tidak pernah dibaca sementara rata-ratanya tetap dibagi empat.","2026-11-13T01:00:00.000Z",6,[234,235],"java","loop","\u002Fog\u002Fjava-loops.png",{"id":238,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},13,[240],{"authors_id":241},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},{"id":243,"title":244,"title_id":245,"slug":246,"excerpt":247,"excerpt_id":248,"has_translation":12,"published_at":249,"reading_time":232,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":250,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":252,"series":253,"authors":254},149,"Java switch: the 78 That Came Out as a C","Java switch: 78 yang Keluar sebagai C","java-switch","A grading program marks a paper 78 and prints `grade: C`. `case 7` assigns `B` and then runs into `case 6` because the `break` is missing, and the compiler says nothing about it.","Sebuah program penilaian memberi nilai 78 pada satu lembar ujian lalu mencetak `grade: C`. `case 7` memberi `B` lalu jatuh ke `case 6` karena `break`-nya hilang, dan kompilator tidak mengatakan apa pun soal itu.","2026-11-12T01:00:00.000Z",[234,251],"percabangan","\u002Fog\u002Fjava-switch.png",{"id":238,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},[255],{"authors_id":256},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},{"id":258,"title":259,"title_id":260,"slug":261,"excerpt":262,"excerpt_id":263,"has_translation":12,"published_at":249,"reading_time":14,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":264,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":269,"series":270,"authors":271},108,"At 11 a.m. the AI Quota Runs Out, and the Work Stops There","Jam 11 siang kuota AI-nya habis, dan kerjaan berhenti di situ","jam-11-kuota-ai-habis-kerjaan-berhenti","The panel says the usage limit is reached and the work stops, not because it is finished. Three guesses explain it, and all three are wrong: the limit is shaped like a cliff, and the day is built on top of one tool.","Panel di layar bilang batas pemakaian tercapai, dan kerja berhenti di situ. Bukan karena selesai. Ada tiga tebakan kenapa ini terjadi, dan ketiganya salah: batasnya berbentuk tebing, dan harinya dibangun di atas satu alat.",[265,266,267,268],"ai","tooling","rate-limit","produktivitas","\u002Fog\u002Fjam-11-kuota-ai-habis-kerjaan-berhenti.png",{"id":24,"title":25,"title_id":26,"slug":27},[272],{"authors_id":273},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},{"id":275,"title":276,"title_id":21,"slug":277,"excerpt":278,"excerpt_id":21,"has_translation":15,"published_at":279,"reading_time":232,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":280,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":283,"series":284,"authors":286},148,"Go Variables: the Mean That Printed 0.0","go-program-structure-and-variables","Six scores arrive, all six are added up, and Go prints a mean of 0.0. A second `total := 0` inside the `if` block is the whole bug, and the compiler that refuses unused variables has nothing to say about it.","2026-11-11T01:00:00.000Z",[281,214,282],"go","variabel","\u002Fog\u002Fgo-program-structure-and-variables.png",{"id":285,"title":56,"title_id":57,"slug":58},11,[287],{"authors_id":288},{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"role":113,"profile_picture":21},[290,294,297,300,303],{"text":291,"depth":292,"id":293},"Sisa pembagian yang menghilang",2,"sisa-pembagian-yang-menghilang",{"text":295,"depth":292,"id":296},"Unit punya dua bagian","unit-punya-dua-bagian",{"text":298,"depth":292,"id":299},"Kompilator membangunnya untukmu","kompilator-membangunnya-untukmu",{"text":301,"depth":292,"id":302},"Apa yang dijaga interface","apa-yang-dijaga-interface",{"text":304,"depth":292,"id":305},"Dua berkas, satu perintah","dua-berkas-satu-perintah",1794557078006]