[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":253},["ShallowReactive",2],{"tag-labels":3,"site-header":4,"article-java-loops-id":72},{},{"featuredPost":5,"navigations":29},{"id":6,"title":7,"title_id":8,"slug":9,"excerpt":10,"excerpt_id":11,"has_translation":12,"published_at":13,"reading_time":14,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":16,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":22,"series":23,"authors":28},110,"When You Pick a Framework Just to Look Different","Ketika Pilih Framework Cuma Biar Kelihatan Beda","ketika-pilih-framework-cuma-biar-kelihatan-beda","The last time you chose a new framework or library, was it because your problem needed that tool, or because it sounded cool and few people around you were using it? That question is uncomfortable. Technology decisions are often made for reasons that never appear in any technical document.","Terakhir kali kamu milih framework atau library baru, itu karena masalahmu butuh alat itu, atau karena alatnya kedengaran keren dan belum banyak yang pakai? Pertanyaan ini nggak enak dijawab. Soalnya keputusan teknologi sering diambil dengan alasan yang nggak pernah ditulis di dokumen teknis mana pun.",true,"2026-10-06T15:25:21.000Z",5,false,[17,18,19,20],"karier","framework","opini","pengalaman",null,"\u002Fog\u002Fketika-pilih-framework-cuma-biar-kelihatan-beda.png",{"id":24,"title":25,"title_id":26,"slug":27},9,"Articles","Artikel","all",[],[30,46,67],{"collection":31,"item":32},"series",{"__typename":31,"title":25,"title_id":26,"slug":27,"children_series":33},[34,38,42],{"title":35,"title_id":36,"slug":37},"Artificial Intelligence","Kecerdasan Artifisial","kecerdasan-artifisial",{"title":39,"title_id":40,"slug":41},"Programming Fundamentals","Konsep Dasar Pemrograman","konsep-dasar-pemrograman",{"title":43,"title_id":44,"slug":45},"Algorithms and Data Structures","Algoritma dan Struktur Data","algoritma-struktur-data",{"collection":31,"item":47},{"__typename":31,"title":48,"title_id":48,"slug":49,"children_series":50},"Tutorial","tutorial",[51,55,59,63],{"title":52,"title_id":53,"slug":54},"Learning Python","Belajar Python","belajar-python",{"title":56,"title_id":57,"slug":58},"Learning Go","Belajar Golang","belajar-golang",{"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},"Learning Java","Belajar Java","belajar-java",{"title":64,"title_id":65,"slug":66},"Learning Pascal","Belajar Pascal","belajar-pascal",{"collection":31,"item":68},{"__typename":31,"title":69,"title_id":69,"slug":70,"children_series":71},"Lab","lab",[],{"article":73,"renderedBody":145,"renderedTakeaway":146,"latestArticles":147,"toc":233},{"id":74,"title":75,"title_id":75,"slug":76,"excerpt":77,"excerpt_id":77,"has_translation":12,"published_at":78,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":80,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":83,"series":84,"authors":137,"seoTitle":21,"seoDescription":21,"body_locale":140,"available_locales":141,"body":143,"takeway":144,"prerequisite":21},150,"Loop Java: Harga Terakhir yang Tidak Pernah Masuk ke Total","java-loops","Empat harga berjumlah 47000, tapi program keranjang mencetak 36500. Batasnya `prices.length - 1`, jadi item terakhir tidak pernah dibaca sementara rata-ratanya tetap dibagi empat.","2026-11-13T01:00:00.000Z",6,[81,82],"java","loop","\u002Fog\u002Fjava-loops.png",{"id":85,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62,"description":86,"description_id":87,"articles":88,"children_series":115,"parent_series":128},13,"Java is one of the most used languages in the world. It earned that with how it handles large applications and how stable it stays over the years. You'll find it in web apps, mobile apps, and enterprise systems alike. Start here and take it one step at a time.","Java adalah bahasa pemrograman yang sangat populer dan banyak digunakan di seluruh dunia. Dikenal karena kekuatannya dalam pengembangan aplikasi besar dan stabilitasnya, Java dipakai untuk berbagai macam aplikasi seperti aplikasi web, mobile, dan enterprise. Yuk mulai belajar Java bareng Inva!",[89,108],{"id":90,"title":91,"title_id":92,"slug":93,"excerpt":94,"excerpt_id":95,"has_translation":12,"published_at":96,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":97,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":99,"series":100,"authors":101},149,"Java switch: the 78 That Came Out as a C","Java switch: 78 yang Keluar sebagai C","java-switch","A grading program marks a paper 78 and prints `grade: C`. `case 7` assigns `B` and then runs into `case 6` because the `break` is missing, and the compiler says nothing about it.","Sebuah program penilaian memberi nilai 78 pada satu lembar ujian lalu mencetak `grade: C`. `case 7` memberi `B` lalu jatuh ke `case 6` karena `break`-nya hilang, dan kompilator tidak mengatakan apa pun soal itu.","2026-11-12T01:00:00.000Z",[81,98],"percabangan","\u002Fog\u002Fjava-switch.png",{"id":85,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},[102],{"authors_id":103},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},1,"Daffa Izzuddin","izzudd","Writer",{"id":74,"title":109,"title_id":75,"slug":76,"excerpt":110,"excerpt_id":77,"has_translation":12,"published_at":78,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":80,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":83,"series":111,"authors":112},"Java Loops: the Last Price That Never Reached the Sum","Four prices add up to 47000, and the cart program prints 36500. The bound is `prices.length - 1`, so the last item is never read while the average is still divided by four.",{"id":85,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},[113],{"authors_id":114},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},[116,122],{"id":117,"title":118,"title_id":119,"slug":120,"description":121,"cover_image":21},21,"Getting Started with Java","Berkenalan dengan Java","java-intro","Meet Java from scratch: your first program, how the pieces fit together, and how to read input and print output.",{"id":123,"title":124,"title_id":125,"slug":126,"description":127,"cover_image":21},22,"Variables, Types, and Operations","Variabel, Tipe Data, dan Operasi","java-variabel-tipe-data","In Java the type has to be clear from the start. We go through the primitive types, then integers and floats in more depth.",{"id":104,"title":48,"title_id":48,"slug":49,"parent_series":21,"children_series":129},[130,132,134,135],{"id":131,"title":52,"title_id":53,"slug":54,"cover_image":21},10,{"id":133,"title":56,"title_id":57,"slug":58,"cover_image":21},11,{"id":85,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62,"cover_image":21},{"id":136,"title":64,"title_id":65,"slug":66,"cover_image":21},14,[138],{"authors_id":139},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},"id",[142,140],"en","\nKamu menjalankan program kecil yang menjumlahkan keranjang berisi empat item. Program itu mencetak tiga baris, dan baris kedua bilang totalnya 36,500. Baris ketiga memberi harga rata-rata. Prosesnya keluar normal, dan tidak satu pun dari ketiga baris itu terlihat rusak. Hanya aritmetikanya yang tidak cocok dengan struk.\n\n## Loop yang berhenti di item ketiga\n\nBerkasnya berisi array `int` dengan empat harga, sebuah penghitung, sebuah jumlah, dan sebuah rata-rata.\n\n```java\n\u002F\u002F Total.java\npublic class Total {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int[] prices = {12000, 15000, 9500, 10500};\n        System.out.println(\"items: \" + prices.length);\n        int total = 0;\n        for (int i = 0; i \u003C prices.length - 1; i++) {\n            total += prices[i];\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"total: \" + total);\n        System.out.println(\"average: \" + total \u002F prices.length);\n    }\n}\n```\n\nKompilasi dan jalankan dengan `javac Total.java && java Total`. Status keluarnya 0, tanpa peringatan dan tanpa error.\n\n```plain\n$ javac Total.java && java Total\nitems: 4\ntotal: 36500\naverage: 9125\n```\n\nItu tiga baris, dan semuanya masuk akal. Jumlah item tertulis 4, totalnya angka yang masuk akal, begitu juga rata-ratanya. Tapi keempat harga itu berjumlah 47000, jadi totalnya kurang 10,500.\n\n## Kenapa item terakhir tidak pernah masuk loop\n\nLihat batasnya: `prices.length - 1`. Array-nya berisi empat harga, jadi nilainya `3`, dan kondisi `i \u003C 3` berlaku untuk `i` sama dengan 0, 1, dan 2. Indeks 3 tidak pernah dibaca. Harga terakhir, 10500, tidak pernah sampai ke jumlah.\n\nKerusakannya punya babak kedua. Rata-ratanya tetap dibagi `prices.length`, yaitu `4`. Jadi ada dua baris yang salah, bukan satu. Totalnya kurang 10500, lalu total yang kurang itu dibagi empat item padahal yang dijumlahkan hanya tiga. Rata-rata yang benar adalah `47000 \u002F 4`, yaitu `11750`.\n\nKesalahan cerminnya memakai array yang sama dan badan loop yang sama, dan hanya mengubah batasnya. Tulis `i \u003C= prices.length` sebagai gantinya. Versi ini tidak melewati satu item pun. Ia membaca melewati ujung array, dan program berhenti dengan `java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4`. Trace-nya menunjuk `Total.main(Total.java:8)`, dan prosesnya keluar dengan status 1.\n\nSatu dari dua kesalahan ini diam, yang lain berisik. Yang diam itulah yang terkirim.\n\n## Pemeriksaan yang bisa kamu jalankan\n\nVersi yang sunyi itu bisa kamu tangkap dengan program kedua. Checker ini membaca tiga baris yang dicetak program tadi dan membandingkannya dengan nilai yang seharusnya dihasilkan keempat harga itu.\n\n```java\n\u002F\u002F CheckTotal.java\nimport java.util.List;\nimport java.util.Scanner;\n\npublic class CheckTotal {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        List\u003CString> expected = List.of(\"items: 4\", \"total: 47000\", \"average: 11750\");\n        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);\n        int passed = 0;\n        for (int i = 0; i \u003C expected.size(); i++) {\n            String got = in.hasNextLine() ? in.nextLine() : \"\u003Cnothing>\";\n            if (got.equals(expected.get(i))) {\n                passed++;\n                System.out.println(\"PASS  line \" + (i + 1) + \": \" + got);\n            } else {\n                System.out.println(\"FAIL  line \" + (i + 1) + \": expected \" + expected.get(i) + \", got \" + got);\n            }\n        }\n        if (in.hasNextLine()) {\n            System.out.println(\"FAIL  extra line: \" + in.nextLine());\n        }\n        System.out.println();\n        System.out.println(passed + \" of \" + expected.size() + \" checks passed\");\n        if (passed != expected.size()) {\n            System.exit(1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\nSalurkan keluaran program ke checker itu dengan `javac CheckTotal.java && java Total | java CheckTotal`.\n\n```plain\n$ javac CheckTotal.java && java Total | java CheckTotal\nPASS  line 1: items: 4\nFAIL  line 2: expected total: 47000, got total: 36500\nFAIL  line 3: expected average: 11750, got average: 9125\n\n1 of 3 checks passed\n```\n\nBaris `items: 4` lolos. Total dan rata-ratanya tidak, jadi checker mencetak `1 of 3 checks passed` dan keluar dengan status bukan nol. Programnya sendiri tidak bilang apa-apa, dan checker langsung menangkapnya.\n\n## Berhenti menghitung\n\nPerbaikannya adalah berhenti menghitung. Tukar loop berpenghitung dengan loop `for`-each dan jangan ubah apa pun selain itu.\n\n```java\n\u002F\u002F Total.java\npublic class Total {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int[] prices = {12000, 15000, 9500, 10500};\n        System.out.println(\"items: \" + prices.length);\n        int total = 0;\n        for (int price : prices) {\n            total += price;\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"total: \" + total);\n        System.out.println(\"average: \" + total \u002F prices.length);\n    }\n}\n```\n\n```plain\n$ javac Total.java && java Total\nitems: 4\ntotal: 47000\naverage: 11750\n```\n\n```plain\n$ java Total | java CheckTotal\nPASS  line 1: items: 4\nPASS  line 2: total: 47000\nPASS  line 3: average: 11750\n\n3 of 3 checks passed\n```\n\nLoop `for`-each memberimu nilainya, bukan posisinya. Terhadap berkas ini checker mencetak `3 of 3 checks passed` dan keluar dengan status 0. Loop itu mengunjungi setiap elemen tepat satu kali, berurutan. Tidak ada batas yang perlu ditulis, jadi tidak ada yang bisa keliru kurang satu.\n\nTukarannya jujur: kamu kehilangan indeksnya. Kalau kamu perlu tahu sedang di posisi mana, `for` berpenghitung tetap alat yang tepat.\n\n## Dua loop lainnya\n\nLoop `while` berguna saat kamu mengulang pekerjaan selama sebuah kondisi terpenuhi dan tidak ada penghitung yang perlu dimajukan. Kamu menyatakan kondisinya, dan loop berjalan sampai kondisi itu jadi salah.\n\nLoop `do`-`while` menguji kondisinya setelah badan loop. Artinya badan loop selalu berjalan satu kali sebelum pengujian pertama.\n\n```java\n\u002F\u002F Rows.java\npublic class Rows {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int[] empty = {};\n        int i = 0;\n        while (i \u003C empty.length) {\n            System.out.println(\"while row \" + i);\n            i++;\n        }\n        int j = 0;\n        do {\n            System.out.println(\"do-while row \" + j);\n            j++;\n        } while (j \u003C empty.length);\n    }\n}\n```\n\n```plain\n$ javac Rows.java && java Rows\ndo-while row 0\n```\n\nLoop `while` tidak pernah berjalan pada array kosong, karena kondisinya sudah salah sebelum badan loop dimulai, sementara loop `do`-`while` berjalan satu kali. Di dalam loop mana pun di atas, `break` keluar dari loop lebih awal dan `continue` melompat ke putaran berikutnya. Sebagai aturan praktis, pilih loop yang kondisi berhentinya bisa kamu nyatakan tanpa aritmetika.\n\n## Sebelum artikel berikutnya\n\nHapus satu harga dari array, supaya isinya tiga nilai seperti `{12000, 15000, 10500}`. Jalankan program yang sudah diperbaiki. Ia mencetak `items: 3`, `total: 37500`, dan `average: 12500`, dan ketiga barisnya benar.\n\nSekarang jalankan checker yang tidak diubah. Ia melaporkan `0 of 3 checks passed`, padahal kodenya sekarang benar, karena ia mengharapkan empat item. Ekspektasi checker dipatok pada empat item, jadi ia menguji input sama banyak dengan menguji kode.\n\nBaris mana di loop terakhirmu sendiri yang harus kamu ubah kalau besok array-nya bertambah satu?\n","- `i \u003C prices.length - 1` menghentikan loop satu indeks lebih awal, jadi harga terakhir tidak pernah masuk ke total.\n- Rata-ratanya tetap dibagi `prices.length`, jadi total dan rata-rata sama-sama salah sementara baris jumlah item tetap benar.\n- Batas cerminnya, `i \u003C= prices.length`, melempar `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4`.\n- `for (int price : prices)` menyusuri array tanpa indeks, jadi tidak ada batas yang bisa ditulis kurang satu, dan posisi elemennya ikut dilepas.\n- `while` menguji sebelum badan loop dan tidak mencetak apa pun pada array kosong; `do`-`while` menguji sesudahnya dan menjalankan badan loop satu kali.\n- Checker yang ekspektasinya dipatok tetap gagal pada kode yang sudah benar ketika inputnya berubah, jadi ia menguji input sama banyak dengan menguji kode.","\u003Cp>Kamu menjalankan program kecil yang menjumlahkan keranjang berisi empat item. Program itu mencetak tiga baris, dan baris kedua bilang totalnya 36,500. Baris ketiga memberi harga rata-rata. Prosesnya keluar normal, dan tidak satu pun dari ketiga baris itu terlihat rusak. Hanya aritmetikanya yang tidak cocok dengan struk.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"loop-yang-berhenti-di-item-ketiga\">Loop yang berhenti di item ketiga\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Berkasnya berisi array \u003Ccode>int\u003C\u002Fcode> dengan empat harga, sebuah penghitung, sebuah jumlah, dan sebuah rata-rata.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">JAVA\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%2F%2F%20Total.java%0Apublic%20class%20Total%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20public%20static%20void%20main(String%5B%5D%20args)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%5B%5D%20prices%20%3D%20%7B12000%2C%2015000%2C%209500%2C%2010500%7D%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22items%3A%20%22%20%2B%20prices.length)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%20total%20%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20(int%20i%20%3D%200%3B%20i%20%3C%20prices.length%20-%201%3B%20i%2B%2B)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20total%20%2B%3D%20prices%5Bi%5D%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22total%3A%20%22%20%2B%20total)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22average%3A%20%22%20%2B%20total%20%2F%20prices.length)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\" tabindex=\"0\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#6A737D\">\u002F\u002F Total.java\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> class\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> Total\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">    public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> static\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> void\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> main\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">String\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">[] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#FFAB70\">args\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">[] prices \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">12000\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">15000\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">9500\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">10500\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">};\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"items: \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> prices.length);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> total \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        for\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">; i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"><\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> prices.length \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">-\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">; i\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">++\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            total \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> prices[i];\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"total: \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> total);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"average: \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> total \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> prices.length);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">    }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Kompilasi dan jalankan dengan \u003Ccode>javac Total.java && java Total\u003C\u002Fcode>. Status keluarnya 0, tanpa peringatan dan tanpa error.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20javac%20Total.java%20%26%26%20java%20Total%0Aitems%3A%204%0Atotal%3A%2036500%0Aaverage%3A%209125\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ javac Total.java && java Total\u003C\u002Fspan>\nitems: 4\ntotal: 36500\naverage: 9125\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Itu tiga baris, dan semuanya masuk akal. Jumlah item tertulis 4, totalnya angka yang masuk akal, begitu juga rata-ratanya. Tapi keempat harga itu berjumlah 47000, jadi totalnya kurang 10,500.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"kenapa-item-terakhir-tidak-pernah-masuk-loop\">Kenapa item terakhir tidak pernah masuk loop\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Lihat batasnya: \u003Ccode>prices.length - 1\u003C\u002Fcode>. Array-nya berisi empat harga, jadi nilainya \u003Ccode>3\u003C\u002Fcode>, dan kondisi \u003Ccode>i < 3\u003C\u002Fcode> berlaku untuk \u003Ccode>i\u003C\u002Fcode> sama dengan 0, 1, dan 2. Indeks 3 tidak pernah dibaca. Harga terakhir, 10500, tidak pernah sampai ke jumlah.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Kerusakannya punya babak kedua. Rata-ratanya tetap dibagi \u003Ccode>prices.length\u003C\u002Fcode>, yaitu \u003Ccode>4\u003C\u002Fcode>. Jadi ada dua baris yang salah, bukan satu. Totalnya kurang 10500, lalu total yang kurang itu dibagi empat item padahal yang dijumlahkan hanya tiga. Rata-rata yang benar adalah \u003Ccode>47000 \u002F 4\u003C\u002Fcode>, yaitu \u003Ccode>11750\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Kesalahan cerminnya memakai array yang sama dan badan loop yang sama, dan hanya mengubah batasnya. Tulis \u003Ccode>i <= prices.length\u003C\u002Fcode> sebagai gantinya. Versi ini tidak melewati satu item pun. Ia membaca melewati ujung array, dan program berhenti dengan \u003Ccode>java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4\u003C\u002Fcode>. Trace-nya menunjuk \u003Ccode>Total.main(Total.java:8)\u003C\u002Fcode>, dan prosesnya keluar dengan status 1.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Satu dari dua kesalahan ini diam, yang lain berisik. Yang diam itulah yang terkirim.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"pemeriksaan-yang-bisa-kamu-jalankan\">Pemeriksaan yang bisa kamu jalankan\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Versi yang sunyi itu bisa kamu tangkap dengan program kedua. Checker ini membaca tiga baris yang dicetak program tadi dan membandingkannya dengan nilai yang seharusnya dihasilkan keempat harga itu.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">JAVA\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%2F%2F%20CheckTotal.java%0Aimport%20java.util.List%3B%0Aimport%20java.util.Scanner%3B%0A%0Apublic%20class%20CheckTotal%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20public%20static%20void%20main(String%5B%5D%20args)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20List%3CString%3E%20expected%20%3D%20List.of(%22items%3A%204%22%2C%20%22total%3A%2047000%22%2C%20%22average%3A%2011750%22)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Scanner%20in%20%3D%20new%20Scanner(System.in)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%20passed%20%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20(int%20i%20%3D%200%3B%20i%20%3C%20expected.size()%3B%20i%2B%2B)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20String%20got%20%3D%20in.hasNextLine()%20%3F%20in.nextLine()%20%3A%20%22%3Cnothing%3E%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20(got.equals(expected.get(i)))%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20passed%2B%2B%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22PASS%20%20line%20%22%20%2B%20(i%20%2B%201)%20%2B%20%22%3A%20%22%20%2B%20got)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20else%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22FAIL%20%20line%20%22%20%2B%20(i%20%2B%201)%20%2B%20%22%3A%20expected%20%22%20%2B%20expected.get(i)%20%2B%20%22%2C%20got%20%22%20%2B%20got)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20(in.hasNextLine())%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22FAIL%20%20extra%20line%3A%20%22%20%2B%20in.nextLine())%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println()%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(passed%20%2B%20%22%20of%20%22%20%2B%20expected.size()%20%2B%20%22%20checks%20passed%22)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20(passed%20!%3D%20expected.size())%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.exit(1)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\" tabindex=\"0\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#6A737D\">\u002F\u002F CheckTotal.java\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">import\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> java.util.List;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">import\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> java.util.Scanner;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> class\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> CheckTotal\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">    public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> static\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> void\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> main\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">String\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">[] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#FFAB70\">args\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        List<\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">String\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">> expected \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> List.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">of\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"items: 4\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"total: 47000\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"average: 11750\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        Scanner in \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> new\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> Scanner\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(System.in);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> passed \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        for\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">; i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"><\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> expected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">size\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(); i\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">++\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            String got \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> in.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">hasNextLine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">() \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> in.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">nextLine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">() \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\"> \"<nothing>\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">            if\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (got.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">equals\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(expected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">get\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(i))) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">                passed\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">++\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">                System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"PASS  line \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\"> \": \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> got);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            } \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">else\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">                System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"FAIL  line \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\"> \": expected \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> expected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">get\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(i) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\"> \", got \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> got);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        if\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (in.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">hasNextLine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">()) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"FAIL  extra line: \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> in.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">nextLine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">());\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">();\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(passed \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\"> \" of \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> expected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">size\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">() \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\"> \" checks passed\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        if\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (passed \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">!=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> expected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">size\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">()) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            System.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">exit\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">    }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Salurkan keluaran program ke checker itu dengan \u003Ccode>javac CheckTotal.java && java Total | java CheckTotal\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20javac%20CheckTotal.java%20%26%26%20java%20Total%20%7C%20java%20CheckTotal%0APASS%20%20line%201%3A%20items%3A%204%0AFAIL%20%20line%202%3A%20expected%20total%3A%2047000%2C%20got%20total%3A%2036500%0AFAIL%20%20line%203%3A%20expected%20average%3A%2011750%2C%20got%20average%3A%209125%0A%0A1%20of%203%20checks%20passed\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ javac CheckTotal.java && java Total | java CheckTotal\u003C\u002Fspan>\nPASS  line 1: items: 4\nFAIL  line 2: expected total: 47000, got total: 36500\nFAIL  line 3: expected average: 11750, got average: 9125\n\n1 of 3 checks passed\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Baris \u003Ccode>items: 4\u003C\u002Fcode> lolos. Total dan rata-ratanya tidak, jadi checker mencetak \u003Ccode>1 of 3 checks passed\u003C\u002Fcode> dan keluar dengan status bukan nol. Programnya sendiri tidak bilang apa-apa, dan checker langsung menangkapnya.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"berhenti-menghitung\">Berhenti menghitung\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Perbaikannya adalah berhenti menghitung. Tukar loop berpenghitung dengan loop \u003Ccode>for\u003C\u002Fcode>-each dan jangan ubah apa pun selain itu.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">JAVA\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%2F%2F%20Total.java%0Apublic%20class%20Total%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20public%20static%20void%20main(String%5B%5D%20args)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%5B%5D%20prices%20%3D%20%7B12000%2C%2015000%2C%209500%2C%2010500%7D%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22items%3A%20%22%20%2B%20prices.length)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%20total%20%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20(int%20price%20%3A%20prices)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20total%20%2B%3D%20price%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22total%3A%20%22%20%2B%20total)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22average%3A%20%22%20%2B%20total%20%2F%20prices.length)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\" tabindex=\"0\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#6A737D\">\u002F\u002F Total.java\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> class\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> Total\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">    public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> static\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> void\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> main\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">String\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">[] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#FFAB70\">args\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">[] prices \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">12000\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">15000\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">9500\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\">10500\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">};\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"items: \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> prices.length);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> total \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        for\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> price \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> prices) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            total \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">+=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> price;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"total: \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> total);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"average: \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> total \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> prices.length);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">    }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20javac%20Total.java%20%26%26%20java%20Total%0Aitems%3A%204%0Atotal%3A%2047000%0Aaverage%3A%2011750\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ javac Total.java && java Total\u003C\u002Fspan>\nitems: 4\ntotal: 47000\naverage: 11750\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20java%20Total%20%7C%20java%20CheckTotal%0APASS%20%20line%201%3A%20items%3A%204%0APASS%20%20line%202%3A%20total%3A%2047000%0APASS%20%20line%203%3A%20average%3A%2011750%0A%0A3%20of%203%20checks%20passed\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ java Total | java CheckTotal\u003C\u002Fspan>\nPASS  line 1: items: 4\nPASS  line 2: total: 47000\nPASS  line 3: average: 11750\n\n3 of 3 checks passed\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Loop \u003Ccode>for\u003C\u002Fcode>-each memberimu nilainya, bukan posisinya. Terhadap berkas ini checker mencetak \u003Ccode>3 of 3 checks passed\u003C\u002Fcode> dan keluar dengan status 0. Loop itu mengunjungi setiap elemen tepat satu kali, berurutan. Tidak ada batas yang perlu ditulis, jadi tidak ada yang bisa keliru kurang satu.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Tukarannya jujur: kamu kehilangan indeksnya. Kalau kamu perlu tahu sedang di posisi mana, \u003Ccode>for\u003C\u002Fcode> berpenghitung tetap alat yang tepat.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"dua-loop-lainnya\">Dua loop lainnya\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Loop \u003Ccode>while\u003C\u002Fcode> berguna saat kamu mengulang pekerjaan selama sebuah kondisi terpenuhi dan tidak ada penghitung yang perlu dimajukan. Kamu menyatakan kondisinya, dan loop berjalan sampai kondisi itu jadi salah.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Loop \u003Ccode>do\u003C\u002Fcode>-\u003Ccode>while\u003C\u002Fcode> menguji kondisinya setelah badan loop. Artinya badan loop selalu berjalan satu kali sebelum pengujian pertama.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden bg-[#24292e] text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ff5f56] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#ffbd2e] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-[#27c93f] border border-black\u002F40 inline-block\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-2 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">JAVA\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%2F%2F%20Rows.java%0Apublic%20class%20Rows%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20public%20static%20void%20main(String%5B%5D%20args)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%5B%5D%20empty%20%3D%20%7B%7D%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%20i%20%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20while%20(i%20%3C%20empty.length)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22while%20row%20%22%20%2B%20i)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20i%2B%2B%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20int%20j%20%3D%200%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20do%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20System.out.println(%22do-while%20row%20%22%20%2B%20j)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20j%2B%2B%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20while%20(j%20%3C%20empty.length)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed bg-[#24292e]\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\" tabindex=\"0\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#6A737D\">\u002F\u002F Rows.java\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> class\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> Rows\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">    public\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> static\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> void\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\"> main\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">String\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">[] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#FFAB70\">args\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">[] empty \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {};\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        while\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (i \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"><\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> empty.length) {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"while row \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> i);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            i\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">++\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        int\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> j \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">=\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">        do\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            System.out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#B392F0\">println\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#9ECBFF\">\"do-while row \"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"> +\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> j);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">            j\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">++\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">        } \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\">while\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> (j \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#F97583\"><\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\"> empty.length);\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">    }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"color:#E1E4E8\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-wrapper code-output my-6 not-prose rounded-xl border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 shadow-neo overflow-hidden text-[#e1e4e8] transition-all\" data-output-block>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-header flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 bg-[#1f2428] border-b-2 border-black dark:border-gray-600 font-mono text-xs font-bold text-gray-300 select-none\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"flex items-center gap-2\">\n      \u003Cspan class=\"code-output-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">>_\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"ml-1 font-mono font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-300\">Keluaran\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" class=\"copy-code-btn flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-bold bg-[#2f363d] text-gray-200 border-2 border-black dark:border-gray-500 rounded-lg shadow-neo-sm hover:translate-x-0.5 hover:translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-none hover:bg-gray-700 transition-all cursor-pointer\" data-code=\"%24%20javac%20Rows.java%20%26%26%20java%20Rows%0Ado-while%20row%200\" title=\"Salin\">\n      \u003Csvg class=\"w-3.5 h-3.5 copy-icon-svg\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n        \u003Cpath stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M8 16H6a2 2 0 01-2-2V6a2 2 0 012-2h8a2 2 0 012 2v2m-6 12h8a2 2 0 002-2v-8a2 2 0 00-2-2h-8a2 2 0 00-2 2v8a2 2 0 002 2z\">\u003C\u002Fpath>\n      \u003C\u002Fsvg>\n      \u003Cspan class=\"copy-text\">Salin\u003C\u002Fspan>\n    \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"code-block-content p-4 overflow-x-auto text-sm font-mono leading-relaxed\">\n    \u003Cpre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color:#24292e;color:#e1e4e8\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"code-output-cmd\">$ javac Rows.java && java Rows\u003C\u002Fspan>\ndo-while row 0\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Loop \u003Ccode>while\u003C\u002Fcode> tidak pernah berjalan pada array kosong, karena kondisinya sudah salah sebelum badan loop dimulai, sementara loop \u003Ccode>do\u003C\u002Fcode>-\u003Ccode>while\u003C\u002Fcode> berjalan satu kali. Di dalam loop mana pun di atas, \u003Ccode>break\u003C\u002Fcode> keluar dari loop lebih awal dan \u003Ccode>continue\u003C\u002Fcode> melompat ke putaran berikutnya. Sebagai aturan praktis, pilih loop yang kondisi berhentinya bisa kamu nyatakan tanpa aritmetika.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"sebelum-artikel-berikutnya\">Sebelum artikel berikutnya\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Hapus satu harga dari array, supaya isinya tiga nilai seperti \u003Ccode>{12000, 15000, 10500}\u003C\u002Fcode>. Jalankan program yang sudah diperbaiki. Ia mencetak \u003Ccode>items: 3\u003C\u002Fcode>, \u003Ccode>total: 37500\u003C\u002Fcode>, dan \u003Ccode>average: 12500\u003C\u002Fcode>, dan ketiga barisnya benar.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Sekarang jalankan checker yang tidak diubah. Ia melaporkan \u003Ccode>0 of 3 checks passed\u003C\u002Fcode>, padahal kodenya sekarang benar, karena ia mengharapkan empat item. Ekspektasi checker dipatok pada empat item, jadi ia menguji input sama banyak dengan menguji kode.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Baris mana di loop terakhirmu sendiri yang harus kamu ubah kalau besok array-nya bertambah satu?\u003C\u002Fp>\n","\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>i < prices.length - 1\u003C\u002Fcode> menghentikan loop satu indeks lebih awal, jadi harga terakhir tidak pernah masuk ke total.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Rata-ratanya tetap dibagi \u003Ccode>prices.length\u003C\u002Fcode>, jadi total dan rata-rata sama-sama salah sementara baris jumlah item tetap benar.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Batas cerminnya, \u003Ccode>i <= prices.length\u003C\u002Fcode>, melempar \u003Ccode>ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4\u003C\u002Fcode>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>for (int price : prices)\u003C\u002Fcode> menyusuri array tanpa indeks, jadi tidak ada batas yang bisa ditulis kurang satu, dan posisi elemennya ikut dilepas.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>while\u003C\u002Fcode> menguji sebelum badan loop dan tidak mencetak apa pun pada array kosong; \u003Ccode>do\u003C\u002Fcode>-\u003Ccode>while\u003C\u002Fcode> menguji sesudahnya dan menjalankan badan loop satu kali.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Checker yang ekspektasinya dipatok tetap gagal pada kode yang sudah benar ketika inputnya berubah, jadi ia menguji input sama banyak dengan menguji kode.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n",[148,171,192,197,202,219],{"id":149,"title":150,"title_id":151,"slug":152,"excerpt":153,"excerpt_id":154,"has_translation":12,"published_at":155,"reading_time":156,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":157,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":162,"series":163,"authors":168},48,"What a Linked List Actually Is","Tentang Struktur Data LinkedList","tentang-struktur-data-linked-list","A linked list is a linear chain of nodes, each holding data and a pointer to the next node. Here is what that chain looks like, what it costs next to an array, and the same minimal implementation in Java, Python, and JavaScript.","Linked list adalah rantai linear berisi node, dan setiap node menyimpan data plus pointer ke node berikutnya. Ini bentuk rantainya, ongkosnya dibanding array, dan implementasi paling sederhana dalam Java, Python, serta JavaScript.","2026-11-21T01:00:00.000Z",4,[158,159,160,161],"struktur-data","linked-list","pointer","konsep","\u002Fog\u002Ftentang-struktur-data-linked-list.png",{"id":164,"title":165,"title_id":166,"slug":167},28,"Linear Data Structures","Struktur Data Linear","asd-struktur-linear",[169],{"authors_id":170},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},{"id":172,"title":173,"title_id":174,"slug":175,"excerpt":176,"excerpt_id":177,"has_translation":12,"published_at":178,"reading_time":179,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":180,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":183,"series":184,"authors":189},47,"Why Understanding Algorithms and Data Structures Actually Matters","Pentingnya Memahami Algoritma dan Struktur Data","pentingnya-memahami-algoritma-dan-struktur-data","An algorithm is an ordered list of steps, and that order decides how expensive a problem is. The examples are on the back of an instant noodle packet, in a factorial, and behind ctrl+z.","Sebagai konsep fundamental, algoritma menentukan seberapa mahal sebuah masalah diselesaikan. Contohnya ada di bungkus mie instan, di bilangan faktorial, dan di tombol undo.","2026-11-19T01:00:00.000Z",7,[181,158,161,182],"algoritma","dasar","\u002Fog\u002Fpentingnya-memahami-algoritma-dan-struktur-data.png",{"id":185,"title":186,"title_id":187,"slug":188},27,"About Algorithms and Data Structures","Tentang Algoritma dan Struktur Data","asd-intro",[190],{"authors_id":191},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},{"id":74,"title":109,"title_id":75,"slug":76,"excerpt":110,"excerpt_id":77,"has_translation":12,"published_at":78,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":80,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":83,"series":193,"authors":194},{"id":85,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},[195],{"authors_id":196},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},{"id":90,"title":91,"title_id":92,"slug":93,"excerpt":94,"excerpt_id":95,"has_translation":12,"published_at":96,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":97,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":99,"series":198,"authors":199},{"id":85,"title":60,"title_id":61,"slug":62},[200],{"authors_id":201},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},{"id":203,"title":204,"title_id":205,"slug":206,"excerpt":207,"excerpt_id":208,"has_translation":12,"published_at":96,"reading_time":14,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":209,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":214,"series":215,"authors":216},108,"At 11 a.m. the AI Quota Runs Out, and the Work Stops There","Jam 11 siang kuota AI-nya habis, dan kerjaan berhenti di situ","jam-11-kuota-ai-habis-kerjaan-berhenti","The panel says the usage limit is reached and the work stops, not because it is finished. Three guesses explain it, and all three are wrong: the limit is shaped like a cliff, and the day is built on top of one tool.","Panel di layar bilang batas pemakaian tercapai, dan kerja berhenti di situ. Bukan karena selesai. Ada tiga tebakan kenapa ini terjadi, dan ketiganya salah: batasnya berbentuk tebing, dan harinya dibangun di atas satu alat.",[210,211,212,213],"ai","tooling","rate-limit","produktivitas","\u002Fog\u002Fjam-11-kuota-ai-habis-kerjaan-berhenti.png",{"id":24,"title":25,"title_id":26,"slug":27},[217],{"authors_id":218},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},{"id":220,"title":221,"title_id":21,"slug":222,"excerpt":223,"excerpt_id":21,"has_translation":15,"published_at":224,"reading_time":79,"hidden_from_listing":15,"tags":225,"thumbnail_image":21,"og_image":228,"series":229,"authors":230},148,"Go Variables: the Mean That Printed 0.0","go-program-structure-and-variables","Six scores arrive, all six are added up, and Go prints a mean of 0.0. A second `total := 0` inside the `if` block is the whole bug, and the compiler that refuses unused variables has nothing to say about it.","2026-11-11T01:00:00.000Z",[226,182,227],"go","variabel","\u002Fog\u002Fgo-program-structure-and-variables.png",{"id":133,"title":56,"title_id":57,"slug":58},[231],{"authors_id":232},{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"role":107,"profile_picture":21},[234,238,241,244,247,250],{"text":235,"depth":236,"id":237},"Loop yang berhenti di item ketiga",2,"loop-yang-berhenti-di-item-ketiga",{"text":239,"depth":236,"id":240},"Kenapa item terakhir tidak pernah masuk loop","kenapa-item-terakhir-tidak-pernah-masuk-loop",{"text":242,"depth":236,"id":243},"Pemeriksaan yang bisa kamu jalankan","pemeriksaan-yang-bisa-kamu-jalankan",{"text":245,"depth":236,"id":246},"Berhenti menghitung","berhenti-menghitung",{"text":248,"depth":236,"id":249},"Dua loop lainnya","dua-loop-lainnya",{"text":251,"depth":236,"id":252},"Sebelum artikel berikutnya","sebelum-artikel-berikutnya",1794557078207]